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Brushwork Segmentation Method for Ink Painting Based on Digital Culture Entropy Regression
As a traditional form of Chinese art painting , Ink painting is t he most important type of art painting research. However,
due to differences in color and strokes, ink painting often faces issues in brushwork analysis, such as poor segmentation results
and insufficient accuracy in segmentation and localization . Therefor e, in order to achieve segmentation of brushwork in ink
painting and improve the segmentation effect of ink painting, a digital cultural entropy regression based brushwork segmentation
method for ink painting is proposed. The new method uses a digital cult ural entropy regression model to locate the information
entropy of ink painting. Meanwhile, the new model uses an improved mask area Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to achieve
image segmentation and contour localization of ink painting brushwork. Finally , a brand new segmentation system is built based
on actual application situations. In the intersection to union ratio test, the digital cultural entropy model achieves the hi ghest
pixel accuracy of 92.34% and 94.64% in position and pixel analysis, respecti vely. Finally, in terms of system efficiency, the
digital cultural entropy system can achieve a maximum of 88IPS, reducing instruction time by 0.91ms compared to other models.
The response time is also shortened by 1.7 ms. Therefore, the model developed in this study can more effectively achieve the
segmentation of ink painting brushwork. This has great application value in improving the segmentation effect of brushwork in
ink painting .
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[8] Gao G., Yin K., Han J., Hu Y., and et al., “Marine Amoebae -Inspired Salting Hydrogels to Reconfigure Anisotropy for Reprogrammable Shape Morphing, ” Angewandte Chemie , vol. 64 , no. 3, pp. 202416672 -202416673 , 2025 . DOI: 10.1002 /anie. 202416672
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[12] Li X. and Kantitwaranun S., “The Ceramic Creation to Express the Image of Ladies in the Republic of China Era, ” Journal of Modern Learning Development , vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 248 -258 , 2024 . https://so 06 .tci - thaijo.org/index.php/jomld/article/view/ 271380
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[14] Liu X., Teng C., and Li J., “Penetration and Spreading of Graphene Oxide Ink in Rice Paper Enabling its Uniq ue Expressiveness in Chinese Paintings, ” Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal , vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 73 -81, 2024. DOI: 10.1515/npprj -2023 -0041
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[17] Nordin H., Abdul Razak B., Mokhtar N., Jamaludin M., and Mehmood A., “Automated Mold Defects Classification in Paintings: A Comparison of Machine Learning and Rule -Based Techniques, ” PLOS ONE , vol. 20 , no. 1, pp. 316996 , 2025 . DOI: 10.1371 /journal.pone. 0316996
[18] Park S., Song Y., Ryu B., Song Y., and et al., “Highly Condu ctive Ink Based on Self -Aligned Single -Walled Carbon Nanotubes through Inter - Fiber Sliding in Cellulose Fibril Networks, ” Advanced Science , vol. 11 , no. 40 , pp. 2402854 , 2024 . DOI: 10.1002 /advs. 202402854
[19] Rantanen T. and Toikko T., “The Effects of Individua l and Cultural Factors on Digital Inclusion in European C ountries: A Two -Level Regression Analysis, ” International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy , vol. 44 , no. 13 -14 , pp. 146 -162 , 2024 , DOI: 10.1108 /IJSSP -04 -2024 - 0159
[20] Riefard R., Herumurti D., and Fabroyir H., “Assessing Player Preferences for Non - Photorealistic Rendering Artistic Styles in 3D Video Game Character Design ,” in Proceedings of the 8 th International Conference on Information Technology, Information Systems and Electrical Engineering , Yo gyakarta, pp. 316 -321 , 2024 . DOI: 10.1109 /ICITISEE 63424.2024.10730294
[21] Rishu . and Kukreja V., “Decoding Comics: A Systematic Literature Review on Recognition, Segmentation, and Classification Techniques with Emphasis on Computer Vision and Non -Computer Visi on, ” Multimedia Tools and Applications , vol. 84 , pp. 28739 -28806 , 2025 . DOI: 10.1007 /s11042 -024 -20214 -x
[22] Shi L., Campbell R., Chi P., Cirimele M., and et al., “Inkeraction: An Interaction Modality Powered by Ink Recognition and Synthesis, ” in Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , Hawaii, pp. 1 -26, 2024. DOI: 10.1145/3613904.3642498
[23] Shiny A. and Sivagami B., “Tuberculosis Myc obacterium Segmentation Using Deeply Connected Membership Tweaked Fuzzy Segmentation Network, ” Multimedia Tools and Applications , vol. 84, no. 10, pp. 6899 -6929, 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s11042 -024 -19119 -6
[24] Song Y., Huang S., Yao C., Ci H., and et al., “ProcessPainter: Learning to Draw from Sequence Data, ” in Proceedings of the American Society of Architects Convention , Tokyo, pp. 1 -10, 2024. DOI: 10.1145/368052 8.3687596
[25] Tokuda Y. and Kobayashi T., “Painting Inferno: Novel Heat and Stiffness Control Methods with Carbon Nanomaterial Conductive Heating Paint, ” in Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , Hawaii, pp. 1 -17, 2024. DOI: 10.1145/3613904.3642226
[26] Wang S., “The Influence of Iconography and Tempera Painting Techniques on the Chinese School of Art, ” Visual Studies , vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 705 -719 , 2024 . DOI: 10.1080/1472586 X. 2023.2231414
[27] Yan C., Zakaria M., Aris N., and Amat F., “Enhancing Motivation and Effectiveness in Chinese Language Learning Through Calligraphy Instruction: A Community -Based Study, ” in Proceedings of the Int ernational Symposium on Community Social Responsibility , Kedah, pp. 378 - 379, 2024. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388633 294_Pulmonary_Function_Among_High_School _Teenagers_In_Teluk_Bahang_Penang_Malaysia #page=388
[28] Yang R., Yang H., Zhao M., Jia R., and et al., “Special Perceptual Parsing for Chinese Landscape Painting Scene Understanding: A Semantic Segmentation Approach ,” Neural Computing and Applications , vol. 36 , no. 10 , pp. 5231 -5249 , 2024 . DOI: 10.1007 /s00521 -023 - 09343 -w
[29] Yang W. and Zhao Y., “Artistic Intelligence: A Diffusion -Based Framework for High -Fidelity Landscape Painting Synthesis, ” IEEE Access , vol. 13 , pp. 26037 -26049 , 2025 . DOI: 10.1109 /ACCESS. 2024.3518532
[30] Yelizaveta M., Tat -Seng C., and Ramesh J., “Semi -Supervised Annotation of Brush work in Paintings Domain Using Serial Combinations of Multiple Experts, ” in Proceedings of the 14 th ACM International Conference on Multimedia , California, pp. 529 -538 , 2006 . DOI: 10.1145/1180639.1180752
[31] Zhang H., Yang X., and Sato R., “Cultural Heritage i n Ink Animation: A Study of Cultural Exchange Between Master Ingen and Manpukuji Temple in Japan and China, ” in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on ICT Application Research , Aomori, pp. 45 -50, 2024. DOI: 10.32188/iar.2.0_45
[32] Ziyi Z., Arif M., Yunlong W., Shanshan Z., “Wu Guanzhong ’s Colored Ink Landscapes -An Exploration of the Healing and Environmental Protection Function of the Double Swallows, ” Environment -Behaviour Proceedings Journal , vol. 9, no. SI 23 , pp. 95 -100 , 2024 . DOI: 10.21834 /E-BPJ.V 9iSI 23.6158 Yongbo Wu was graduated from Henan University in July 2000 with a Bachelor ’s Degree majoring in Fine Arts Education, his research direction is Chinese Painting T echniques and the Application of Traditional Culture. He has been working in the College of Fine Arts of Shangqiu Normal College since July 2000 as an A ssociate professor. He has published 4 academic papers and 1 book, presided over 4 sci entific research projects .
[2] An Q., “Implementation of Intelligent Painting Systems in Art Education as a Way of Developing Student Self -Efficacy and Involvement: Post Lingnan Painting Spirit, ” Education and Informat ion Technologies , vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 15173 -15189, 2024. DOI: 10.1007/s10639 -024 - 12461 -0
[3] Bhosle K. and Musande V., “Evaluation of Deep Learning CNN Mod el for Recognition of Devanagari Digit, ” Artificial Intelligence and Applications , vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 98 -102, 2023. DOI: 10.47852/bonviewAIA3202441
[4] Borisov M., Kolycheva V., Semenov A., and Grigori ev D., “How Does the Color Palette Affect the Pricing of Abstract Paintings?, ” Information Systems Frontiers , pp. 1 -23, 2025 . DOI: 10.1007 /s10796 -024 -10558 -y
[5] Chen R., Cheng J. , and Ma J., “A Fusion Framework of Whitespace Smear Cutting and Swin Transformer for Document Layout Analysis ,” in Proceedings of the 20 th International Conference on Intelligent Computing , Tianjin , pp. 338 -353 , 2024 . DOI: 10.1007/978 -981 -97 -5597 - 4_29
[6] Das J., Dasgupta D., Deb K., and Saha B., “Optimised Properties of Conductive Polyan iline - Polyvinyl Alcohol Ink Painted on Paper for Ductile Pressure Sensor with Reduced Electrical Drift, ” Materials Science and Engineering: B , vol. 311, no. 1, pp. 117850 -117851 , 2025 . DOI: 10.1016 /j.mseb. 2024.117850
[7] Fu R., Li J., Yang C., Li J., and Yu X. , “ Image Colour Application of Shanghai Style Chinese Paintings Based on Machine Learning Algorithm, ” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence , vol. 132 , no. 1, pp. 107903 - 107904 , 2024 . DOI: 10.1016 /j.engappai. 2024.107903
[8] Gao G., Yin K., Han J., Hu Y., and et al., “Marine Amoebae -Inspired Salting Hydrogels to Reconfigure Anisotropy for Reprogrammable Shape Morphing, ” Angewandte Chemie , vol. 64 , no. 3, pp. 202416672 -202416673 , 2025 . DOI: 10.1002 /anie. 202416672
[9] Hu Q., Huang W., Luo Y., Cao R., and et al., “Sgrgan: Sketch -Guided Restoration for Traditional Chinese Landscape Paintings, ” Heritage Science , vol. 12, no. 163 , pp. 1 -28 , 2024 . DOI: 10.1186 /s40494 -024 -01253 -x
[10] Jiang Y., Yu L., Ma J., Hu Y., and et al., “Digital Mustard Garden: Revitalizing Fr eehand -Ink - Painting Teaching Through Artistic Participation, ” in Proceedings of the 17 th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction , Hsinchu, pp. 1 -8, 202 4. DOI: 10.1145/3678698.3687184
[11] Khalid S., Azad M., Kim H., Yoon Y., a nd et al., “A Review on Traditional and Artificial Intelligence -Based Preservation Techniques for Oil Painting Artworks, ” Gels , vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 517, 2024. DOI: 10.3390 /gels 10080517
[12] Li X. and Kantitwaranun S., “The Ceramic Creation to Express the Image of Ladies in the Republic of China Era, ” Journal of Modern Learning Development , vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 248 -258 , 2024 . https://so 06 .tci - thaijo.org/index.php/jomld/article/view/ 271380
[13] Liu F., Saat M ., and Li S., “Cultural Aesthetics of Human Body: A Contemporar y Interpretation through Traditional Chinese Ink Artistry, ” Journal of Ecohumanism , vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 3697 -3713 , 2025 . DOI: 10.62754 /joe.v 4i1.6213
[14] Liu X., Teng C., and Li J., “Penetration and Spreading of Graphene Oxide Ink in Rice Paper Enabling its Uniq ue Expressiveness in Chinese Paintings, ” Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal , vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 73 -81, 2024. DOI: 10.1515/npprj -2023 -0041
[15] Mai C., Lini ger J., and Pedersen S., “Semantic Segmentation Using Synthetic Images of Underwater Marine -Growth, ” Frontiers in Robotics and AI , vol. 11, pp. 1459570 -1459571 , 2025 . DOI: 10.3389 /frobt. 2024.1459570
[16] Nasir F., Liaquat S., Khurshid K., and Mahyuddin N., “A H yperspectral Unmixing Approach for Ink Mismatch Detection in Unbalanced Clusters, ” Journal of Information and Intelligence , vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 177 -190 , 2024 . DOI: 10.1016 /j.jiixd. 2024.01.004
[17] Nordin H., Abdul Razak B., Mokhtar N., Jamaludin M., and Mehmood A., “Automated Mold Defects Classification in Paintings: A Comparison of Machine Learning and Rule -Based Techniques, ” PLOS ONE , vol. 20 , no. 1, pp. 316996 , 2025 . DOI: 10.1371 /journal.pone. 0316996
[18] Park S., Song Y., Ryu B., Song Y., and et al., “Highly Condu ctive Ink Based on Self -Aligned Single -Walled Carbon Nanotubes through Inter - Fiber Sliding in Cellulose Fibril Networks, ” Advanced Science , vol. 11 , no. 40 , pp. 2402854 , 2024 . DOI: 10.1002 /advs. 202402854
[19] Rantanen T. and Toikko T., “The Effects of Individua l and Cultural Factors on Digital Inclusion in European C ountries: A Two -Level Regression Analysis, ” International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy , vol. 44 , no. 13 -14 , pp. 146 -162 , 2024 , DOI: 10.1108 /IJSSP -04 -2024 - 0159
[20] Riefard R., Herumurti D., and Fabroyir H., “Assessing Player Preferences for Non - Photorealistic Rendering Artistic Styles in 3D Video Game Character Design ,” in Proceedings of the 8 th International Conference on Information Technology, Information Systems and Electrical Engineering , Yo gyakarta, pp. 316 -321 , 2024 . DOI: 10.1109 /ICITISEE 63424.2024.10730294
[21] Rishu . and Kukreja V., “Decoding Comics: A Systematic Literature Review on Recognition, Segmentation, and Classification Techniques with Emphasis on Computer Vision and Non -Computer Visi on, ” Multimedia Tools and Applications , vol. 84 , pp. 28739 -28806 , 2025 . DOI: 10.1007 /s11042 -024 -20214 -x
[22] Shi L., Campbell R., Chi P., Cirimele M., and et al., “Inkeraction: An Interaction Modality Powered by Ink Recognition and Synthesis, ” in Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , Hawaii, pp. 1 -26, 2024. DOI: 10.1145/3613904.3642498
[23] Shiny A. and Sivagami B., “Tuberculosis Myc obacterium Segmentation Using Deeply Connected Membership Tweaked Fuzzy Segmentation Network, ” Multimedia Tools and Applications , vol. 84, no. 10, pp. 6899 -6929, 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s11042 -024 -19119 -6
[24] Song Y., Huang S., Yao C., Ci H., and et al., “ProcessPainter: Learning to Draw from Sequence Data, ” in Proceedings of the American Society of Architects Convention , Tokyo, pp. 1 -10, 2024. DOI: 10.1145/368052 8.3687596
[25] Tokuda Y. and Kobayashi T., “Painting Inferno: Novel Heat and Stiffness Control Methods with Carbon Nanomaterial Conductive Heating Paint, ” in Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , Hawaii, pp. 1 -17, 2024. DOI: 10.1145/3613904.3642226
[26] Wang S., “The Influence of Iconography and Tempera Painting Techniques on the Chinese School of Art, ” Visual Studies , vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 705 -719 , 2024 . DOI: 10.1080/1472586 X. 2023.2231414
[27] Yan C., Zakaria M., Aris N., and Amat F., “Enhancing Motivation and Effectiveness in Chinese Language Learning Through Calligraphy Instruction: A Community -Based Study, ” in Proceedings of the Int ernational Symposium on Community Social Responsibility , Kedah, pp. 378 - 379, 2024. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388633 294_Pulmonary_Function_Among_High_School _Teenagers_In_Teluk_Bahang_Penang_Malaysia #page=388
[28] Yang R., Yang H., Zhao M., Jia R., and et al., “Special Perceptual Parsing for Chinese Landscape Painting Scene Understanding: A Semantic Segmentation Approach ,” Neural Computing and Applications , vol. 36 , no. 10 , pp. 5231 -5249 , 2024 . DOI: 10.1007 /s00521 -023 - 09343 -w
[29] Yang W. and Zhao Y., “Artistic Intelligence: A Diffusion -Based Framework for High -Fidelity Landscape Painting Synthesis, ” IEEE Access , vol. 13 , pp. 26037 -26049 , 2025 . DOI: 10.1109 /ACCESS. 2024.3518532
[30] Yelizaveta M., Tat -Seng C., and Ramesh J., “Semi -Supervised Annotation of Brush work in Paintings Domain Using Serial Combinations of Multiple Experts, ” in Proceedings of the 14 th ACM International Conference on Multimedia , California, pp. 529 -538 , 2006 . DOI: 10.1145/1180639.1180752
[31] Zhang H., Yang X., and Sato R., “Cultural Heritage i n Ink Animation: A Study of Cultural Exchange Between Master Ingen and Manpukuji Temple in Japan and China, ” in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on ICT Application Research , Aomori, pp. 45 -50, 2024. DOI: 10.32188/iar.2.0_45
[32] Ziyi Z., Arif M., Yunlong W., Shanshan Z., “Wu Guanzhong ’s Colored Ink Landscapes -An Exploration of the Healing and Environmental Protection Function of the Double Swallows, ” Environment -Behaviour Proceedings Journal , vol. 9, no. SI 23 , pp. 95 -100 , 2024 . DOI: 10.21834 /E-BPJ.V 9iSI 23.6158 Yongbo Wu was graduated from Henan University in July 2000 with a Bachelor ’s Degree majoring in Fine Arts Education, his research direction is Chinese Painting T echniques and the Application of Traditional Culture. He has been working in the College of Fine Arts of Shangqiu Normal College since July 2000 as an A ssociate professor. He has published 4 academic papers and 1 book, presided over 4 sci entific research projects .