Abstract Share constrained resources, accomplish complex tasks and achieve shared or individual goals are examples requiring collaboration between agents in multi-agent systems. The collaboration necessitates an effective team composed of a set of agents that do not have conflicting goals and express their willingness to cooperate. In such a team, the complex task is split into simple tasks, and each agent performs its assigned task to contribute to the fulfilment of the complex task. Nevertheless, team formation is challenging, especially in an open system that consists of self-interested agents performing tasks to achieve several simultaneous goals, usually clashing, by sharing constrained resources. The clashing goals obstruct the collaboration's success since the self-interested agent prefers its individual goals to the team’s shared goal. In open systems, the collaboration team construction process is impacted by the Multi-Agent System (MAS) model, the collaboration’s target, and dependencies between agents’ goals. This study investigates how to allow agents to build collaborative teams to realize a set of goals concurrently in open systems with constrained resources. This paper proposes a fully distributed approach to model the Collaborative Team Construction Model (CTCM). CTCM modifies the social reasoning model to allow agents to achieve their individual and shared goals concurrently by sharing resources in an open MAS by constructing collaborative teams. Each agent shares partial information (to preserve privacy) and models its goal relationships. The proposed team construction approach supports a distributed decision-making process. In CTCM, the agent adapts its self- interest level and adjusts its willingness to form an effective collaborative team.

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[31] Zimmerling M., Mottola L., and Santini S., “Synchronous Transmissions in Low-Power Wireless: A Survey of Communication Protocols and Network Services,” arXiv, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1-39, 2020. Zina Houhamdi received her Ph.D. in Software Engineering in 2004. She is a Professor at the Department of Cybersecurity, College of Engineering, Al Ain University, United Arab Emirates. Her research work has been published in several academic journals and has been presented at scientific conferences. Her main research interest is on Internet of Thing, Artificial Intelligence, particularly in Multi- Agent Systems Modelling, Testing and Applications. She is published several papers in journals and international peer-reviewed conferences. Belkacem Athamena holds a Ph.D. in System Analysis and Applications. He is an Associate Professor at the Department of Business Administration, College of Business, Al Ain University, United Arab Emirates. His main research interest is in system modeling and analysis, multi-agent, fuzzy logic, software testing, Petri nets, formal methods, data quality, and fault diagnosis. He has published many refereed journal articles, contributed chapters and presented papers at conferences.